|
Agricultural yield for ''Cicer arietinum'' is often based on genetic and phenotypic variability which has recently been influenced by artificial selection.〔Naghavi, M.R., & Jahansouz, M.R. (2005). Variation in the agronomic and morphological traits of Iranian chickpea accessions. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 47(3): 375-379〕 The uptake of micronutrients such as inorganic phosphorus or nitrogen is vital to the plant development of ''Cicer arietinum'', commonly known as the perennial chickpea. Heat cultivation and micronutrient coupling are two relatively unknown methods that are used to increase the yield and size of the chickpea. Recent research has indicated that a combination of heat treatment along with the two vital micronutrients, phosphorous and nitrogen, are the most critical components to increasing the overall yield of ''Cicer arietinum''. Perennial chickpeas are a fundamental source of nutrition in animal feed as they are high sources of energy and protein for livestock. Unlike other food crops, the perennial chickpea shows a remarkable capacity to change its nutritional content in response to heat cultivation. Treating the chickpea with a constant heat source increases its protein content almost three-fold.〔Bampidis, V.A. & Christodoulou, V. (2011). Chickepeas (Cicer arietinum L.) in animal nutrition: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 168: 1-20.〕 Consequently, the impact of heat cultivation not only affects the protein content of the chickpea itself, but the ecosystem that it supports as well. Increasing the height and size of chickpea plants involves using micronutrient fertilization with varying doses of inorganic phosphorous and nitrogen. The level of phosphorous that a chickpea seed is exposed to during its lifecycle has a positive correlation relative to the height of the plant at full maturity.〔Mishra, U.S., Sirothia, P., & Bhadoria, U.S. (2009). Effects of phosphorous nutrition on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under rain fed conditions. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 5(1): 85-88.〕 Increasing the levels of inorganic phosphorous at all doses incrementally increases the height of the chickpea plant. Thus, the seasonal changes in phosphorous soil content as well as periods of drought that are known to be a native characteristic of the dry Middle-Eastern region where the chickpea is most commonly cultivated have a strong effect on the growth of the plant itself. Plant yield is also affected by a combination of phosphorous nutrition and water supply, resulting in a 12% increase in yield of the crop.〔Mishra, U.S., Sirothia, P., & Bhadoria, U.S. (2009). Effect of phosphorous nutrition on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under rain fed conditions. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 5(1): 85-88.〕 Nitrogen nutrition is another factor that affects the yield of ''Cicer arietinum'', although the application itself differs from other perennial crops with regards to the levels administered on the plant. High doses of nitrogen inhibit the yield of the chickpea plant. Drought stress is a likely factor that also inhibits the uptake of nitrogen and subsequent fixation in the roots of ''Cicer arietinum''. The growth of the perennial chickpea is dependent on the balance between nitrogen fixation and assimilation that is also characteristic of many other agricultural plant types. The influence of drought stress, sowing date, and mineral nitrogen supply all have an effect on the yield and size of the plant, with trials showing that ''Cicer arietinum'' differed from other plant species in its capacity to assimilate mineral nitrogen supply from soil during drought stress.〔Wery, J., Deschamps, M., & Leger-Cresson, N. (1988). Influence of some agroclimatic factors and agronomic practices on nitrogen nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Developments in Plants and Soil Sciences, 32: 287-301.〕 Additional minerals and micronutrients make the absorption process of nitrogen and phosphorous more available. Inorganic phosphate ions are generally attracted towards charged minerals such as iron and aluminium oxides.〔Hinsinger, P. (2001). Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: A review. Plant and Soil, 237(2): 173-195.〕 Additionally, growth and yield are also limited by zinc and boron deficiencies in the soil. Boron-rich soil resulted in an increase of chickpea yield and size, while soil fertilization with zinc seemed to have no apparent effect on the chickpea yield.〔Johnson, S.E., Lauren, J.G., Welch, R.M., & Duxbury, J.M. (2005). A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum acstiyum) in Nepal.〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heat and Micronutrient Cultivation in Perennial Chickpea Species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|